Module 1. Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Diabetes

At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

• Explain important concepts in glucose homeostasis.
• Describe the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
• List laboratory test values and ranges that represent important diagnostic criteria or treatment goals for patients with diabetes.

Module 2. Goals of Care and Approaches to Treatment

At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

• Describe the evidence base to support treatment goals for patients with diabetes.
• Discuss findings from trials investigating the relationship between A1C and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
• List blood glucose treatment targets for various subgroups of patients with diabetes.
• Describe the role and application of A1C testing and self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
• Explain strategies for managing hypoglycemia.

Module 3. Lifestyle Modification in Diabetes

At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

• Apply concepts and recommendations from current dietary, physical activity, and weight management guidelines to the specific needs of patients with diabetes.
• Discuss basic concepts of carbohydrate counting and meal planning for patients with diabetes.
• Summarize current recommendations for smoking cessation.

Module 4. Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes

At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

• Differentiate among the many oral, injectable, and inhalational agents available for the treatment of diabetes and categorize antidiabetic agents according to their primary mechanism of action, principal adverse effects, and rational role in therapy.
• Explain currently accepted approaches to managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as the appropriate clinical use of available oral, injectable, and inhalational antidiabetic agents.

Module 5. Comprehensive Diabetes Care

At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

• Specify treatment goals and strategies for controlling cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes.
• Identify screening and treatment recommendations for comprehensive diabetes care, including recommendations addressing nephropathy, retinopathy, foot problems, and immunizations.

Module 6. The Pharmacist’s Role in Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

At the completion of this activity, participants will be able to:

• Describe outcomes associated with pharmacists’ patient care services for patients who have diabetes.
• List elements of diabetes self-management education.
• Identify barriers to diabetes self-management and propose strategies to address those barriers.
• Apply elements of motivational interviewing, goal setting, problem solving, and cultural sensitivity to interactions with patients with diabetes.
• Explain how pharmacists can obtain recognized diabetes care credentials and establish a formal diabetes self-management education program.

At the completion of this activity, the participant will be able to:

• Evaluate the overall health status of patients with diabetes in terms of recommended monitoring and interventions, and formulate strategies for closing gaps in care.
• Propose modifications to a patient’s drug therapy regimen rooted in evidence-based algorithms for diabetes management.
• Recommend dietary interventions to support optimal glycemic control and weight loss (when indicated) in patients with diabetes.
• Analyze and interpret a patient’s self-monitoring of blood glucose results and use the results to identify needed changes in the diabetes management plan.
• Demonstrate proper technique for measuring blood pressure, administering injections, obtaining fingerstick samples for blood glucose monitoring, operating blood glucose meters, and performing monofilament foot testing.
• Integrate the varied aspects of comprehensive diabetes care into efficient, sensitive, respectful pharmacist-patient interactions that support optimal patient self-management.
• Describe ways in which pharmacists can keep abreast of new developments and take advantage of professional opportunities in diabetes care.

• Check-in
• Welcome, Introductions and Acknowledgements
• Comprehensive Diabetes Care
• Treating Type 2 Diabetes
• Break
• Insulin Therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
• Lunch and Networking
• Nutrition and Lifestyle Counseling for Patients
• Hands-On Skills Practice
• Break
• Next Steps and Resources
• Post-Seminar Final Instructions

• Jennifer D. Smith, PharmD, CPP, BC-ADM, CDE, (Chair) Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in an Outpatient Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Upstate South Carolina
• Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, FCCP, FASHP, FAPhA, Professor and Vice Chair for Education in the Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, and a Clinical Associate Professor in Medicine at the UM School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
• Tommy Johnson, PharmD, BC-ADM, CDE, FAADE, Assistant Dean of Operations, South University College of Pharmacy-Columbia, Columbia, South Carolina
• Natalie Kunze, PharmD, CDE, Clinical Care Pharmacist, Kroger, Cincinnati, Ohio
• Staci-Marie Norman, PharmD, CDE, Clinical Coordinator and Manager, Martin’s Pharmacy, South Bend, Indiana
• Jennifer Trujillo, PharmD, BCPS, CDE, BC-ADM, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, Colorado

The following APhA staff members contributed to the development of this program:

• Helen Ali-Sairany, PharmD, BCACP, Associate Director, Content Development, Education
• Kelly French, Director, Advanced Training
• Misty Knack, Associate Director, Advanced Training

The original publication was prepared by Judy Crespi Lofton, MS, of JCL Communications, on behalf of APhA.

• Stuart T. Haines, PharmD, FCCP, FASHP, FAPhA, serves as an educational consultant for Sanofi for which he has received an honorarium.
• Staci-Marie Norman, PharmD, CDE, declares she serves as a speaker for Lilly and has received an honorarium. She also declares her spouse is a sales representative for Takeda.
• Jennifer Trujillo, PharmD, BCPS, CDE, BC-ADM, declares her spouse serves as a consultant for Pfizer, Janssen, and Boehringer Ingelheim.
• All other individuals involved in the development of this material declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests in any product or service mentioned in this activity, including grants, employment, gifts, stock holdings, and honoraria.  For complete APhA staff disclosures, please see the Education and Accreditation Information section at www.pharmacist.com/apha-disclosures.  
• Conflicts of interest have been resolved through content review by Helen Sairany, PharmD, BCACP, Associate Director of Content Development at the American Pharmacists Association. 
• The material presented here does not necessarily reflect the views of the American Pharmacists Association. Every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained herein at the time of writing; however, owing to the nature of pharmacy practice, standards and recommendations change regularly. Pharmacists are advised to verify all information and data before treating patients or employing the practices described in this educational activity.